Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are highly distributed networks consisting ofa large number of tiny, low-cost, light-weight wireless nodes deployed tomonitor an environment or a system. Each node in a WSN consists of threesubsystems: the sensor subsystem which senses the environment, the processingsubsystem which performs local computations on the sensed data, and thecommunication subsystem which is responsible for message exchange withneighboring sensor nodes. While an individual sensor node has limited sensingregion, processing power, and energy, networking a large number of sensor nodesgive rise to a robust, reliable, and accurate sensor network covering a wideregion. Thus, routing in WSNs is a very important issue. This paper presents aquery-based routing protocol for a WSN that provides different levels ofQuality of Service (QoS): energy-efficiency, reliability, low latency andfault-tolerance-under different application scenarios. The algorithm has lowcomputational complexity but can dynamically guarantee different QoS supportdepending on the requirement of the applications. The novelty of the proposedalgorithm is its ability to provide multiple QoS support withoutreconfiguration and redeployment of the sensor nodes. The algorithm isimplemented in network simulator ns-2 and its performance has been evaluated.The results show that the algorithm is more efficient than some of thecurrently existing routing algorithms for WSNs.
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